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解鎖異形鋁條折彎密碼：全自動折彎機操作全流程解析

時間：2025-06-20 來源：http://www.bjrcc.com.cn/ 發布人：昌盛機械

　　在工業加工領域，異形鋁條的折彎需求日益多樣化，從復雜的建筑裝飾線條到精密的機械配件，全自動鋁條折彎機憑借精準控制能力成為實現異形折彎的核心設備。要讓設備折出理想的異形鋁條，需從工藝規劃、設備調試到分步操作進行全流程把控，每個環節都藏著塑造異形輪廓的關鍵細節。

　　In the field of industrial processing, the bending demand for irregular aluminum bars is becoming increasingly diversified. From complex architectural decorative lines to precision mechanical components, fully automatic aluminum bar bending machines have become the core equipment for achieving irregular bending with precise control capabilities. To make the device fold into an ideal shaped aluminum strip, it is necessary to control the entire process from process planning, equipment debugging to step-by-step operation, and each link contains key details for shaping the shaped contour.

　　前期工藝規劃與模型構建

　　Pre process planning and model construction

　　折異形鋁條前，需先明確目標形狀的技術參數。通過 CAD 軟件繪制異形鋁條的三維模型，標注出每個折彎角的度數、折彎半徑、直線段長度等關鍵尺寸，尤其要注意非對稱結構或復合曲線的拐點坐標。例如，折制帶弧線段的門框鋁條時，需將弧線分解為若干段微小直線折彎的組合，計算出每段的折彎角度與位移量。同時，根據鋁條的材質（如 6063 或 5052 鋁合金）和厚度（1-5mm 不等），查詢材料的屈服強度與延伸率數據，以此確定折彎時的最小彎曲半徑，避免因折彎半徑過小導致材料開裂。

　　Before folding the irregular aluminum strip, it is necessary to first clarify the technical parameters of the target shape. Draw a 3D model of the irregular aluminum strip using CAD software, and mark key dimensions such as the degree of each bending angle, bending radius, and length of straight segments, paying special attention to the inflection point coordinates of asymmetric structures or composite curves. For example, when folding aluminum door frames with curved segments, the arc needs to be decomposed into several combinations of small straight line bends, and the bending angle and displacement of each segment need to be calculated. At the same time, based on the material (such as 6063 or 5052 aluminum alloy) and thickness (1-5mm) of the aluminum strip, the yield strength and elongation data of the material are queried to determine the minimum bending radius during bending, in order to avoid material cracking caused by too small a bending radius.

　　將三維模型導入折彎機的數控系統前，需進行工藝拆分。對于多折彎工序的異形件，要規劃折彎順序，遵循 “先小角度后大角度、先外側后內側” 的原則。如折制 “Z” 字形鋁條時，應先完成底部折彎，再進行頂部折彎，避免后續折彎對已成型部分產生干涉。同時，在模型中標記出鋁條在模具上的定位基準點，通常選擇長度方向的端面或已加工的孔位作為定位參考，確保后續加工時位置精度。

　　Before importing the 3D model into the CNC system of the bending machine, process splitting is required. For irregular parts with multiple bending processes, it is necessary to plan the bending sequence and follow the principle of "small angle first, large angle second, outer side first, inner side second". When folding the "Z" shaped aluminum strip, the bottom bending should be completed first, and then the top bending should be carried out to avoid interference with the already formed part during subsequent bending. At the same time, mark the positioning reference points of the aluminum strip on the mold in the model, usually selecting the end face in the length direction or the processed hole position as the positioning reference to ensure the positional accuracy during subsequent processing.

　　設備調試與模具適配

　　Equipment debugging and mold adaptation

　　全自動折彎機的模具選擇需匹配異形件的折彎需求。標準 V 型模具適用于直線折彎，而折制弧形或特殊截面時，需更換定制的成型模具。例如，折制圓弧鋁條時，需使用帶有圓弧凹槽的上模和相應弧度的下模，模具的弧度半徑應比目標鋁條的半徑大 0.5-1mm，以補償材料回彈。安裝模具時，通過設備的模具定位系統校準上下模的對齊度，并用塞尺檢查模具間隙，確保間隙值等于鋁條厚度的 1.2 倍（如 3mm 厚鋁條對應 3.6mm 間隙），避免間隙過小壓潰材料或過大導致折彎角度偏差。

　　The selection of molds for fully automatic bending machines needs to match the bending requirements of irregular parts. Standard V-shaped molds are suitable for straight bending, but when bending curved or special sections, customized molding molds need to be replaced. For example, when folding curved aluminum bars, it is necessary to use an upper mold with curved grooves and a lower mold with corresponding curvature. The curvature radius of the mold should be 0.5-1mm larger than the radius of the target aluminum bar to compensate for material rebound. When installing the mold, calibrate the alignment of the upper and lower molds through the mold positioning system of the equipment, and check the gap between the molds with a feeler gauge to ensure that the gap value is equal to 1.2 times the thickness of the aluminum strip (such as a 3mm thick aluminum strip corresponding to a 3.6mm gap), to avoid material crushing due to too small a gap or bending angle deviation due to too large a gap.

　　調試設備的運動參數時，先設定折彎速度。對于復雜異形件，初始速度應控制在 5-10mm/s，待試折確認無誤后再逐步提升至 15-25mm/s。壓力參數的設定需參考材料力學數據，6063 鋁合金在 2mm 厚度下，折彎壓力通常為 8-12MPa，可通過設備的壓力測試功能，在廢料上進行壓力梯度試驗，找到既能保證折彎角度又不損傷表面的最佳壓力值。同時，調整后擋料裝置的定位精度，使用激光測距儀校準擋料塊的位置，確保定位誤差不超過 ±0.1mm，這對多段折彎的異形件尤為重要。

　　When debugging the motion parameters of the equipment, first set the bending speed. For complex shaped parts, the initial speed should be controlled at 5-10mm/s, and gradually increased to 15-25mm/s after confirmation of correctness through trial bending. The setting of pressure parameters should refer to material mechanics data. The bending pressure of 6063 aluminum alloy at a thickness of 2mm is usually 8-12 MPa. The pressure gradient test can be conducted on the waste material through the pressure testing function of the equipment to find the optimal pressure value that can ensure the bending angle without damaging the surface. At the same time, adjust the positioning accuracy of the material blocking device and calibrate the position of the blocking block using a laser rangefinder to ensure that the positioning error does not exceed ± 0.1mm, which is particularly important for multi segment bent shaped parts.

　　數控編程與分步折彎操作

　　Numerical Control Programming and Step by Step Bending Operation

　　在折彎機的人機交互界面中，導入前期構建的三維模型后，系統會自動生成 G 代碼程序。對于異形件，需手動優化程序中的折彎順序和補償參數。例如，在程序中加入 “折彎 - 停頓 - 檢測” 的循環步驟，每完成一次折彎后，設備暫停 2-3 秒，讓鋁條釋放內部應力，減少連續折彎時的累積誤差。針對材料回彈現象，在程序中設置回彈補償值，通常 6063 鋁合金在 90° 折彎時回彈角為 2-3°，可將目標角度設為 92-93°，通過回彈補償確保最終角度準確。

　　In the human-computer interaction interface of the bending machine, after importing the 3D model constructed in the early stage, the system will automatically generate a G-code program. For irregular parts, it is necessary to manually optimize the bending sequence and compensation parameters in the program. For example, adding a loop step of "bending pause detection" in the program, the equipment pauses for 2-3 seconds after each bending is completed, allowing the aluminum strip to release internal stress and reduce cumulative errors during continuous bending. To address the phenomenon of material rebound, a rebound compensation value is set in the program. Typically, the rebound angle of 6063 aluminum alloy during 90 ° bending is 2-3 °, and the target angle can be set to 92-93 ° to ensure accurate final angle through rebound compensation.

　　開始折彎操作時，先將鋁條放置在工作臺上，利用定位擋塊和夾具固定，確保鋁條的折彎線與模具的中心線重合。對于長尺寸異形鋁條，需在懸空端加裝輔助支撐裝置，防止折彎時因重力下垂導致角度偏差。啟動設備后，密切觀察折彎過程，首件加工完成后，使用三坐標測量儀或角度尺全面檢測尺寸精度，重點檢查折彎角度（誤差應≤±0.5°）、直線度（每米≤0.3mm）和表面質量（無劃痕、裂紋）。若檢測到某段折彎角度超差，可在程序中調整該步驟的壓力值或增加二次折彎修正工序。

　　When starting the bending operation, first place the aluminum strip on the workbench, use positioning blocks and fixtures to fix it, and ensure that the bending line of the aluminum strip coincides with the centerline of the mold. For large-sized irregular aluminum bars, auxiliary support devices need to be installed at the suspended end to prevent angle deviation caused by gravity sagging during bending. After starting the equipment, closely observe the bending process. After the first piece is processed, use a coordinate measuring instrument or angle ruler to comprehensively check the dimensional accuracy, with a focus on checking the bending angle (error should be ≤± 0.5 °), straightness (≤ 0.3mm per meter), and surface quality (no scratches or cracks). If the bending angle of a section is detected to be out of tolerance, the pressure value of this step can be adjusted in the program or the secondary bending correction process can be added.

　　誤差修正與量產優化

　　Error correction and mass production optimization

　　當異形鋁條的折彎誤差超出允許范圍時，需從多方面分析原因。若整體角度偏大，可能是壓力不足或回彈補償值設置偏小，可將壓力提高 1-2MPa 或增加回彈補償角 1°；若局部出現扭曲，可能是鋁條固定不牢或模具磨損，需檢查夾具壓力并更換磨損的模具部件。對于復雜的異形件，可采用 “分段試折 - 逐步修正” 的方法，先完成關鍵部位的折彎并檢測，再根據結果調整后續步驟的參數，避免一次性加工導致不可挽回的誤差。

　　When the bending error of the irregular aluminum strip exceeds the allowable range, it is necessary to analyze the reasons from multiple aspects. If the overall angle is too large, it may be due to insufficient pressure or a set rebound compensation value that is too small. The pressure can be increased by 1-2 MPa or the rebound compensation angle can be increased by 1 °; If there is local distortion, it may be due to the aluminum strip not being firmly fixed or the mold being worn. It is necessary to check the fixture pressure and replace the worn mold components. For complex shaped parts, the method of "segmented trial bending and gradual correction" can be used. First, the key parts are bent and tested, and then the parameters of subsequent steps are adjusted based on the results to avoid irreversible errors caused by one-time processing.

　　進入量產階段前，需進行連續 5-10 件的試生產，統計尺寸波動范圍。若發現某段折彎的角度一致性差，可啟用設備的自動補償功能，通過傳感器實時監測折彎力和角度，動態調整壓力參數。同時，定期（每 50-100 件）檢查模具的磨損情況，對圓角部位進行拋光處理，確保模具精度穩定。對于批量生產的異形鋁條，可在設備上加裝視覺檢測系統，每完成一件后自動掃描輪廓，與三維模型比對，對超差產品實時標記并剔除，保證批量產品的一致性。

　　Before entering the mass production stage, continuous trial production of 5-10 pieces is required to calculate the size fluctuation range. If the consistency of the bending angle of a certain section is found to be poor, the automatic compensation function of the equipment can be enabled, and the bending force and angle can be monitored in real time through sensors to dynamically adjust the pressure parameters. At the same time, regularly (every 50-100 pieces) check the wear of the mold, polish the rounded corners to ensure stable mold accuracy. For mass-produced irregular aluminum bars, a visual inspection system can be installed on the equipment to automatically scan the contour after each piece is completed, compare it with the 3D model, mark and remove out of tolerance products in real time, and ensure the consistency of the batch products.

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